Čína a Spojené státy od pondělního odpoledne pozastaví vzájemné přístavní poplatky

Čína a USA od pondělního odpoledne pozastaví vzájemné přístavní poplatky zavedené v říjnu v rámci nejnovější obchodní krize předcházející dohodám podepsaným koncem minulého měsíce Donaldem Trumpem a Si Ťin-pchingem v Jižní Koreji. Obchodní spor se uklidnil po nedávné schůzce obou prezidentů.

Tyto »zvláštní přístavní poplatky« proti americkým lodím oznámilo 10. října čínské ministerstvo dopravy v reakci na podobné opatření oznámené USA proti lodím plujícím pod čínskou vlajkou nebo postaveným v Číně.

Od 14. října Čína zavedla dodatečná cla na lodě vlastněné, provozované nebo plující pod americkou vlajkou, jakož i na lodě postavené v USA nebo vlastněné společnostmi s alespoň 25% podílem amerického kapitálu.

Platné sazby byly 50 dolarů za čistou tunu pro čínské lodě vplouvající do amerických přístavů, přičemž tato částka se měla do roku 2028 zvyšovat o 30 dolarů ročně, a 56 dolarů pro americké lodě vplouvající do čínských přístavů, přičemž se tato částka měla postupně zvyšovat až na 157 dolarů.

Zástupci odvětví i analytici varovali, že tato cla zvýší provozní náklady na dopravu a způsobí změny tras nebo snížení objemu nákladní dopravy v odvětví, které je již tak zatíženo rostoucími cenami pohonných hmot a slabým globálním obchodem.

Podle výpočtů společnosti Alphaliner by v případě, že by toto opatření zůstalo v platnosti, 10 největších přepravních společností zaplatilo USA v roce 2026 na poplatcích až 3,2 miliardy dolarů, z čehož by čínská státní společnost Cosco převzala přibližně 1,53 miliardy dolarů.

Kromě přístavních poplatků se Čína a USA dohodly také na snížení některých cel oznámených v posledních měsících, pozastavení vývozních omezení – například na čínské vzácné zeminy – a obnovení obchodu se zemědělskými produkty.

Pokles čínského exportu

Obchodní spor mezi USA a Čínou se po nedávné schůzce prezidentů Trumpa a Si Ťin-pchinga poněkud zmírnil. Čínský prodej do USA však letos výrazně klesl.

Čína se již léta snaží snížit svou závislost na americkém exportu a najít nové zákazníky. Její globální dominance v průmyslové výrobě a kontrola dodavatelského řetězce vzácných zemin dávají Pekingu obrovskou tržní sílu. Žádná jiná země se však nepřibližuje ročnímu prodeji Číny do USA ve výši více než 400 miliard dolarů.

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